Culture and arts possess an extraordinary capacity to transcend boundaries, unite people, and foster social cohesion, peace, and solidarity. This potential positions culture as a powerful vector for democratization. However, this role is often undervalued or entirely overlooked, particularly in regions situated on the European periphery. Despite its transformative potential, the strategic integration of culture into democratization processes has been largely neglected, leaving significant opportunities untapped.
Globally, democracy is facing unprecedented challenges. The once-dominant assumption of a linear, normative transition to democracy, which gained traction during the third wave of democratization, has proven to be both overly optimistic and deeply misleading. Instead of achieving consolidated democracies, the region has seen the rise of regimes that function under hybrid models often described as “illiberal democracies” or “competitive authoritarianisms.” These regimes strategically blend democratic formalities—such as elections and legislative procedures—with authoritarian tendencies. This new “normal” disguises undemocratic cores beneath a façade of democratic rhetoric and institutional mimicry, creating a dangerous illusion of legitimacy.
Over the last three decades, the Western Balkans and Southeast Europe (SEE) have been significantly impacted by nationalist politics. Nationalism has not only shaped political discourse but has also infiltrated cultural policies and practices, often weaponizing culture for divisive and exclusionary purposes. Cultural policies in the region have frequently been dictated by nationalistic, conservative, and traditional ideologies, sidelining progressive, inclusive, and diverse cultural expressions.
This instrumentalization of culture has had devastating consequences. It has perpetuated cycles of division and conflict, contributed to societal polarization, and undermined fundamental human rights. Furthermore, the predominance of nationalist narratives in cultural discourse has deepened societal fractures, eroding trust and solidarity within and across communities.The democratic deficit across SEE societies is starkly evident. Cultural conservatism and educational revisionism have dominated, sidelining critical, innovative, and inclusive approaches. Simultaneously, mass media has been co-opted by ruling parties and their affiliates, creating an environment where critical discourse is suppressed, and propaganda is amplified.
The erosion of democratic norms extends beyond the media. Political culture across the region has deteriorated, with a noticeable lack of dialogue between political formations and diverse cultural identities and practices. This absence of constructive engagement has stymied the development of inclusive policies and hindered the democratization process. As a result, the public sphere has become increasingly fragmented, with limited opportunities for meaningful discourse and collective problem-solving.
In the past decade, the processes of democratic transition and European integration in the region have been uneven and fraught with challenges. Political and administrative divisions have exacerbated asymmetries in economic and cultural development, creating disparities that have further entrenched inequality and exclusion. These imbalances have underscored the urgent need for civil society actors to play a more prominent role in fostering reconciliation, supporting development, and advocating for inclusive cultural and social policies.
Civil society organizations (CSOs) have the potential to act as catalysts for change, bridging gaps left by state institutions and promoting values of inclusivity, solidarity, and critical engagement. By creating spaces for dialogue and collaboration, these organizations can challenge dominant narratives, address societal divisions, and contribute to the region’s democratic and cultural revitalization.The challenges facing the SEE region require concerted efforts at multiple levels. International aid remains crucial for empowering civil society and addressing structural disparities in cultural and economic development. However, sustainable progress depends on fostering regional cooperation and mutual support among civil society actors.
There is an urgent need to establish platforms for critical inquiry, artistic expression, and cultural dialogue. These platforms can serve as incubators for innovative ideas and actions, challenging the status quo and promoting emancipatory narratives. Moreover, such initiatives can pave the way for new formats of collaboration, solidarity, and activism that transcend national and ideological boundaries.
Jana Kocevska
Споделено на: April 16, 2022 во 6:36 pm